THE summit of the SADC Troika on 
Politics, Defense and Security Cooperation,in Dar es salaam over the 
weekend again put the political developments in Madagascar in the 
limelight,with yet fresh questions as to whether the General Elections 
in May would open a new chapter for the country.
President Jakaya Kikwete,who is head of 
the SADC Troika on Politics, Defense and Security Cooperation chaired 
the Summit over the weekend. The Madagascan authorities have announced 
that presidential elections will be held in May and parliamentary 
elections in July.
The implementation of a road map agreed 
by all the main Madagascan political forces in September 2011 has been 
made difficult by the threats issued by the Rajoelina regime that the 
deposed president, Marc Ravalomanana, will be arrested if he returns to 
the country.
In order to break the impasse, 
Ravalomanana has announced that he will not be a candidate in the 
forthcoming elections. But SADC hopes to persuade both Rajoelina and 
Ravalomanana to stand down. Mozambican President Armando Guebuza, who is
 the current chairperson of the Southern African Development Community 
(SADC), Hifikepunye Pohamba of Namibia (the deputy chairperson), and 
Jacob Zuma of South Africa (the outgoing chairperson) also attended.
Addressing the opening session of the 
meeting for ministers during the week, Foreign Minister Bernard Membe 
said the summit is urgent “due to the dynamic nature of the crises we 
face in Madagascar, the DRC and Zimbabwe”. According to the programme 
for the summit, the man who seized power in Madagascar in 2009, Andry 
Rajoelina, addressed the SADC leaders about the situation on the island 
on Friday morning.
Since the 2009 coup, Madagascar has been
 suspended from membership of both SADC and the African Union, pending 
the restoration of constitutional order. The Madagascan authorities have
 announced that presidential elections will be held in May and 
parliamentary elections in July. The implementation of a road map agreed
 by all the main Madagascan political forces in September 2011 has been 
made difficult by the threats issued by the Rajoelina regime that the 
deposed president, Marc Ravalomanana, will be arrested if he returns to 
the country.
In order to break the impasse, 
Ravalomanana has announced that he will not be a candidate in the 
forthcoming elections. But SADC hopes to persuade both Rajoelina and 
Ravalomanana to stand down. As for Zimbabwe, SADC’s concern is that free
 and credible elections should be held later this year. The elections 
are now in doubt because one of the pre-conditions for holding them, a 
new constitution, is still not in place.
Negotiators from the three main 
political parties (President Robert Mugabe’s ZANU-PF and both factions 
of the Movement for Democratic Change, MDC) produced a draft 
constitution last year. To the anger of the MDC, ZANU-PF has tried to 
introduce last minute amendments to the draft, making it quite 
impossible to hold a referendum on the constitution in October, as had 
initially been planned.
Mugabe has recently threatened that 
elections will be held anyway, on the basis of the old constitution, a 
position unacceptable to the MDC. SADC is also seriously concerned at 
the conflict in the eastern DRC, pitting the M23 rebel movement against 
the government of President Joseph Kabila. At its annual heads of state 
summit held in Maputo in August, SADC blamed Rwanda for the conflict, 
and demanded that Rwanda immediately ease its support for the M23.
Guebuza, in his first mission as SADC 
chairperson, carried this message personally to Rwandan President Paul 
Kagame later in August. International anger has obliged the United 
Nations to impose sanctions against the M23. These are having some 
effect, in that the M23 has declared a unilateral ceasefire, ahead of a 
second round of negotiations with the Congolese government in Kampala.
The M23’s Executive Secretary and chief 
negotiator, Francois Rucogoza, told reporters that his movement would 
continue with the peace talks, regardless of whether Kabila’s government
 also signed the ceasefire. Summit considered the political and security
 situation in the region, in particular the latest developments in the 
Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Madagascar and the 
Republic of Zimbabwe.
In the previous Summit in early December
 2012, these were the resolutions: Summit:(i) reaffirmed the 
indivisibility and respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity
 of the Democratic Republic of Congo; (ii) expressed deep concern 
regarding the deteriorating security and humanitarian situation in 
eastern DRC due to the prevailing situation; (iii) strongly condemned 
the M23 and all its attacks on the civilian population, United Nations 
Peacekeepers and humanitarian actors, as well as its abuses of human 
rights, including summary executions, sexual and gender based violence;
(iv) affirmed that SADC, as a block will
 deploy the SADC Standby Force in the Eastern DRC under the auspices of 
the Neutral International Force(NIF) (v) welcomed the decision of the 
ICGLR to mandate the United Republic of Tanzania to appoint a Force 
Commander for the NIF to be deployed in the Eastern DRC; Tanzania’s 
Director of Information Department (MAELEZO), Mr Assah Mwambene at the 
SADC Summit in Dar es salaam with another SADC official.
(vi) mandated the SADC Interstate 
Politics and Diplomacy Committee (ISPDC) and the SADC Secretariat to 
work together with the ICGLR to engage the African Union Peace and the 
United Nations Security Council for support to the deployment and 
sustenance; (vi) urged UN to change MONUSCO mandate to the United 
Nations Chapter VII; (vii) commended the United Republic of Tanzania and
 the Republic of South Africa for pledging one battalion and logistics 
support for the NIF respectively; and (viii) commended the DRC for 
contributing funds for the deployment of the NIF. On Madagascar:Summit 
commended:
(i) His Excellency Joachim Chissano, 
former President of the Republic of Mozambique and the SADC Mediator on 
the political conflict in Madagascar for his efforts towards restoring 
the constitutional normalcy in the country; (ii) His Excellency Jacob 
Zuma, President of the Republic of South Africa and the Outgoing 
Chairperson of the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation 
for his contribution in resolving the crisis in the country; (
iii) His Excellency James Michel, 
President of the Republic of Seychelles for his contribution in 
assisting the Malagasy towards finding a lasting solution to the 
political situation in their country. 8.2 Summit endorsed the report of 
the SADC Mediator and: (i) urged the Malagasy political stakeholders to 
fully implement the Madagascar Roadmap in the letter and spirit; (ii) 
urged that the dates of 8 May 2013 for Presidential Elections and 25 
July 2013 for Parliamentary Elections be respected by all parties 
concerned;
(iii) Summit took note of, and undertook
 to give serious consideration to the request to SADC to contribute 10 
million U$ to the Malagasy elections of 2013. In this regard, the Summit
 urged SADC Member States to make timely voluntary contributions. Summit
 also directed the Secretariat to mobilise financial and logistical 
support from the international community. 8.3 Summit reiterated its 
decision that former President Mr. Marc Ravalomanana should return to 
Madagascar unconditionally. 8.4 Summit reemphasized that the two 
candidates, Mr Marc Ravalomanana and Mr. Andry Rajoelina, should be 
persuaded not to stand in the forthcoming general elections as a way 
forward towards resolving this crisis.
8.5 Summit reiterated its position that 
the Amnesty Law be implemented in order to create conducive conditions 
for the return of the political exiles including Mr. Ravalomanana. 8.6 
Summit urged the political stakeholders to develop legislation before 
the May 2013 elections that would guarantee the privileges of the former
 Heads of State. 8.7 Summit urged the Transitional Government to repeal 
the legislations intended to exclude its citizens from participating in 
the coming elections.